Importance of Continuous and Simultaneous Monitoring of Both Electrode Voltages during Discharge/Charge Battery Tests: Application to Zn-Based Batteries

Two different Zn-based batteries are tested, simultaneously recording the voltage of negative and positive electrodes during discharge/charge processes to evidence advantages using a three-electrode cell, including pseudo-reference electrode, with respect normally applied two system. The cell allows us identify in each moment which electrode reveals unexpected events battery test thus act on it accordingly. In this work, alkaline Zn/Bi2O3 Zn/air batteries, subjected galvanostatic tests, highlighting several unforeseen changes failures both electrodes. Thus, usefulness three-electrodes system is revealed because explain what cause failure was and, if necessary, immediately. Finally, Spectroscopic Impedance measurements also specific case same cell.